Personification—giving human characteristics to something nonhuman
-Envious moon

Metonymy—substituting the name of an attribute for the thing that is meant
-Suit for business executive

Apostrophe—An exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified)
-The woman talking to herself (or the mirror) in The Wastelands (A Game Of Chess)

Synecdoche—a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole (or vice versa)
-Skagway had runners in the top ten at state (meaning Skagway’s cross country team)

Symbol—a thing that represents or stands for something else
-Gold is a symbol of wealth

Allegory—a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one
-After Apple-Picking

Paradox—a statement or proposition that leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory
-The paradox of war is that you have to kill people in order to stop people from killing each other

Overstatement—an exaggerated statement (too strongly expressed)
-The bed was colder than ice